Nikto Web Scanner Guide

Nikto is a powerful open-source web server scanner that identifies potential vulnerabilities and security issues in web applications.

Getting Started with Nikto

Installing Nikto on Linux systems is straightforward through the package manager using apt-get install nikto.

nikto -h target-website.com # Basic scan
nikto -h target-website.com -ssl # HTTPS scan
nikto -h target-website.com -p 80,443 # Specify ports

Key Features

• SSL support for testing HTTPS servers
• Proxy support for testing through firewalls
• Multiple port scanning capabilities
• Custom plugin support for extended functionality
• Automated vulnerability identification

Common Scan Options

Best Practices

• Always update Nikto’s database before scanning: nikto -update
• Use the -ssl flag when testing HTTPS sites
• Save scan results with -output flag
• Implement rate limiting to avoid server overload

Advanced Usage

Combine multiple options for thorough scanning:

nikto -h target.com -ssl -p 443 -Format htm -output scan.html

Common Issues and Solutions

• Connection Timeouts: Use -retry option for unstable connections
• False Positives: Verify findings manually
• Slow Scans: Adjust timing with -T option

Remember to obtain proper authorization before scanning any systems or networks.

Additional Resources

• Official Documentation: https://cirt.net/Nikto2
• GitHub Repository: https://github.com/sullo/nikto
• Bug Reports: Issue Tracker

For technical support or questions, visit the official GitHub repository or join the security community on various platforms.

Performance Optimization

Scan Tuning Parameters

• -evasion: Use different evasion techniques (1-8)
• -mutate: Mutate parameters to find additional vulnerabilities
• -timeout: Adjust connection timeout values
• -T: Set scan timing template (1-5)

Memory Management

Control resource usage during extensive scans:

nikto -h target.com -maxtime 3600 # Limit scan to 1 hour
nikto -h target.com -maxretries 3 # Set retry attempts

Integration Capabilities

API and Automation

• JSON output support for automated processing
• Integration with CI/CD pipelines
• Custom plugin development
• Compatibility with other security tools

Conclusion

Nikto remains a vital tool in web application security assessment, offering comprehensive scanning capabilities and flexibility in configuration. Regular updates and proper usage ensure effective vulnerability detection while maintaining minimal impact on target systems.

Always comply with legal requirements and obtain necessary permissions before conducting security assessments.

FAQs

1. What exactly is Nikto and what is its primary purpose?
   Nikto is an open-source web server scanner that performs comprehensive security tests against web servers, including checks for multiple security vulnerabilities, outdated software versions, server configuration issues, and known dangerous files/programs.
2. How do I install Nikto on a Linux system?
   Nikto can be installed through apt on Debian-based systems using ‘apt-get install nikto’, or by cloning the official GitHub repository using ‘git clone https://github.com/sullo/nikto.git’ and following the installation instructions.
3. What are the basic command syntax and essential switches for Nikto?
   The basic syntax is ‘nikto -h [target host]’. Essential switches include ‘-ssl’ for HTTPS, ‘-port’ for specific port scanning, ‘-output’ for saving results, and ‘-Display’ for controlling output verbosity.
4. Can Nikto bypass IDS/IPS systems?
   Yes, Nikto includes evasion techniques using the ‘-evasion’ switch, which can use various methods like URL encoding, directory self-reference, or premature URL ending to attempt IDS/IPS evasion.
5. How can I reduce false positives in Nikto scans?
   Use the ‘-Tuning’ switch to specify certain test types, implement the ‘-maxtime’ parameter to limit scan duration, and utilize the ‘-Format’ option with detailed outputs for better analysis of results.
6. Is Nikto legal to use?
   Nikto is legal to use but only on systems you own or have explicit permission to test. Unauthorized scanning can be illegal and may violate computer misuse laws.
7. How can I update Nikto’s vulnerability database?
   Use the ‘-update’ switch to update Nikto’s plugins and databases. This requires an internet connection and appropriate permissions to write to the Nikto installation directory.
8. What’s the difference between Nikto and other web scanners like OWASP ZAP?
   Nikto focuses on rapid server assessment and known vulnerabilities, while tools like OWASP ZAP provide more comprehensive web application testing including session management and authentication testing.
9. How do I scan multiple targets with Nikto efficiently?
   Use a host file with the ‘-h’ switch followed by the filename containing target URLs, or implement shell scripting to automate multiple individual scans.
10. Can Nikto scan through a proxy?
    Yes, use the ‘-useproxy’ switch followed by the proxy address and port (example: -useproxy http://proxy.example.com:8080) to route scans through a proxy server.

Author: Editor